Which of the following concepts is credited with starting the "quality revolution" in the late 20th century?

The concept credited with starting the "quality revolution" in the late 20th century is Just-in-Time (JIT) production. JIT emphasizes reducing waste and improving product quality by producing only what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed. This approach encourages manufacturers to enhance their production processes, minimize inventory levels, and focus on delivering quality products efficiently.

Just-in-Time production is closely associated with the Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy and methodologies like Kaizen, which advocate for continuous improvement in processes and products. This focus on quality at every stage of production has significantly influenced modern manufacturing and service delivery, thereby catalyzing the quality revolution.

The other concepts mentioned, while influential in their own right, do not specifically initiate the focus on quality in production processes in the same way that JIT does.