Which of the following best describes mathematical models?

Mathematical models are designed to represent complex systems or processes through mathematical expressions, which often include equations. These equations allow for quantitative analysis, making it possible to simulate various scenarios and predict outcomes based on defined variables. Unlike physical representations, mathematical models abstract these systems into a format that can be manipulated analytically. This approach enables operatives to explore different strategies and decision-making processes effectively.

The use of equations is fundamental in mathematical modeling because they establish relationships between different components of a system. This quantitative foundation is what distinguishes mathematical models from other types, such as those based primarily on qualitative data or visual presentations. Overall, the primary strength of mathematical models lies in their ability to utilize mathematical tools for systematic analysis and optimization in operations management.