Which factor is NOT typically associated with driving product or service design?

Employee turnover rates are generally not considered a primary factor that drives product or service design. While employee turnover can impact an organization's operations and workforce stability, it does not directly influence the design decisions related to products or services.

In contrast, economic changes, social trends, and technological advancements play significant roles in shaping how products and services are conceived, developed, and delivered. Economic changes can dictate customer purchasing power and demand, influencing the features and pricing of offerings. Social trends capture changing consumer preferences and lifestyles, guiding design to meet evolving customer needs. Technological advancements often lead to innovative products or services, as they enable new capabilities and efficiencies that enhance the design process.

Therefore, while employee turnover rates are important for operational management, they do not directly drive the creative and strategic aspects of product or service design like the other factors do.