During which period did Operations Research (OR) groups begin applying mathematical models for management?

During the mid-20th century, Operations Research (OR) groups began to apply mathematical models for management effectively. This period, particularly during and after World War II, saw significant advancements in analytical methods and mathematical modeling, primarily driven by the need for more efficient military logistics and decision-making in complex scenarios.

Researchers in OR utilized techniques from mathematics, statistics, and engineering to optimize resource allocation, scheduling, and strategy development. This approach allowed managers to make data-driven decisions, greatly enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations. The successful application of these methods in wartime operations created a strong foundation for their adoption in various civilian industries.

The early 20th century saw the groundwork laid with foundational theories and concepts, but it wasn't until the mid-20th century that these ideas transformed into practical applications within management contexts. By the late 20th century and into the 21st century, the field has evolved significantly, incorporating more sophisticated computational tools and technology, but the initial and impactful applications of mathematical models for management specifically began in the mid-20th century.